Problem Base Learning

Heart structure and function Prepared by Kwan Siew Wai

Heart starts pumping since 6th week after fertilisation. Some says heart is the most powerful pump in the world. This is because heart will pumps non-stop until the last day of a man’s life. In order for the heart to function in such it has special structures and build up unit. Whenever the heart pumps, it supplies the body with bloods. Blood travels through closed vessels and brings nutrient, oxygen and other materials which needed by the body cells. At the same time, it transported the toxin, carbon dioxide, and other waste materials form the body cells to be expelled from the body later.

The heart muscle is myogenic, which will automatically contracts and relaxes, to create the movement of heart. Hearts pumps with a rhythm and can be observed through ECG (Electrocardiogram). A complete heartbeat is called a cardiac cycle. Although heartbeat is automatic generated by the cardiac muscles, there are still ways of altering it. Heartbeat can be influents by many factors. The change of heartbeat is essential for the survival of an organism. It is also a respond to stimuli. Besides, ECG we can also detect the heartbeat on pulse. The Chinese medical expertise can diagnose patient with sensing their pulse. This is due to the rate and the intensity of the pulse produced varies according to the heartbeat. In short, the Chinese believe that heartbeat alters as the person health condition changed.


Method of Problem base learning:

1.Understand the needs of the question / situation given.
2.List out the terms which you may need more clarification.
3.List the problems that you think may help in solving the question.
4.Find out the solution of the problems through research.
5.Write out a report on your finding, and prepare a presentation of your finding.
6.Presentation.
7.Written report

Hybridomas in monoclonal antibodies

Sorry for the late reply on this question. Please refers to the answer below got from wikipedia.

As according to the resource:

Hybridoma technology is a technique used in producing hybrid cell lines in culture. All the antibodies produced with this technology has single specificity. thus they are monoclonal antibodies. This technique will can manufacture antibodies in culture indefinutely.

Please refers below for more information:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridoma_technology